Ekuseni kwangomhla ziyi-13 kuMasingana, 2021, umugqa wokuhlola wokuqala womhlaba wezinga eliphezulu oshisa izikhotha we-maglev wobunjiniyela be-maglev usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bangempela baseSouthwest Jiaotong University wethulwa ngokusemthethweni e-Chengdu, eSifundazweni SaseSichuan, e-China.Kuphawula intuthuko kusukela ekuqaleni ocwaningweni lokushisa okuphezulu kwe-superconducting high speed maglev project eShayina futhi izwe lethu linemibandela yokuhlolwa kobunjiniyela kanye nemiboniso.
Icala Lokuqala Emhlabeni; Dala I-Precedent
Ukugunyazwa kolayini wokuhlola ubuchwepheshe be-high-temperature superconducting magnetic Levitation kungokokuqala emhlabeni.Imele ukukhiqiza okukhaliphile kwaseShayina futhi yakha isibonelo emkhakheni wezinga eliphezulu lokushisa eliphezulu.
Ubuchwepheshe besitimela se-high-temperature superconducting maglev bunobuhle bokungabi bikho komthombo ukuzinza, isakhiwo esilula, ukonga amandla, akukho makhemikhali nomsindo ongcolile, ukuphepha nokunethezeka, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza.Iwuhlobo olusha oluhle lwezokuthutha lukaloliwe, olufaneleka izinhlobonhlobo zezizinda zejubane, ezifanele ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kwemigqa enesivinini esikhulu kanye nesivinini esikhulu;Lobu buchwepheshe ubuchwepheshe besitimela se-maglev obusezingeni eliphezulu obusezingeni eliphezulu obunezici zokuzimisa, eziziqondisayo, nezici zokuzinzisa.Kuyindlela entsha evamile yokuthutha ujantshi ebhekene nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kanye namathemba okusebenza abanzi.Ubuchwepheshe buqala ukwakhiwa endaweni yomoya, futhi inani eliqondiwe lesivinini sokusebenza likhulu kuno-600 km/h, okulindeleke ukuthi lidale entsha. irekhodi lejubane lethrafikhi yomhlaba endaweni yomoya.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo bepayipi le-vacuum ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezokuthutha olubanzi oluvala izikhala zezokuthutha ezihamba phansi kanye nesivinini sokuthutha emoyeni, okuzobeka isisekelo sempumelelo yesikhathi eside ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-1000 km/h, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe imodeli entsha yokuhamba komhlaba.Izinguquko ezibheke phambili neziphazamisayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto zokuhamba zikaloliwe.
△ Ukunikezwa Kwesikhathi esizayo △
I-Magnetic Levitation Technology
Njengamanje, kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuthathu be-"super magnetic levitation" emhlabeni.
Ubuchwepheshe be-electromagnetic Levitation eJalimane:
Umgomo we-electromagnetic usetshenziselwa ukubona ukugeleza phakathi kwesitimela nethrekhi.Njengamanje, isitimela se-maglev saseShanghai, isitimela se-maglev esakhiwa eChangsha naseBeijing konke kukulesi sitimela.
Ubuchwepheshe baseJapan bezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-superconducting magnetic levitation:
Sebenzisa izici ze-superconducting zezinto ezithile emazingeni okushisa aphansi (okupholiseke kufika ku--269°C nge-helium ewuketshezi) ukuze wenze isitimela sihambe, njengolayini we-Shinkansen maglev e-Japan.
Ubuchwepheshe be-high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation baseChina:
Umgomo ngokuyisisekelo uyafana naleyo ye-high-temperature superconductivity, kodwa izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza lingu-196°C.
Ezivivinyweni zangaphambilini, levitation kazibuthe ezweni lethu ayikwazi ukumiswa kuphela kodwa futhi imisiwe.
△ I-nitrogen ewuketshezi nama-superconductors △
Izinzuzo High Temperature Superconducting Maglev Isitimela
Ukonga amandla:Ukukhishwa nokuqondisa akudingi ukulawula okusebenzayo noma ukunikezwa kwamandla emoto, futhi uhlelo lulula.Ukumiswa nokuqondiswa kudinga kuphela ukupholiswa nge-nitrogen ewuketshezi eshibhile (77 K), kanti u-78% womoya uyi-nitrogen.
Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo:I-high-temperature superconducting levitation magnetic ingaba yi-levitation statically, ngokuphelele ngaphandle komsindo;ithrekhi kazibuthe unomphela ikhiqiza insimu kazibuthe emile, futhi indawo kazibuthe endaweni lapho abagibeli bethinta khona inguziro, futhi akukho ukungcoliswa kazibuthe.
Ijubane eliphezulu:Ubude be-levitation (10–30 mm) bungaklanywa njengoba kudingekile, futhi bungasetshenziswa ukusuka kokumile kuye kokuphansi, okumaphakathi, isivinini esikhulu kanye nesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu.Uma iqhathaniswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokudonsa kazibuthe, ifaneleka kakhulu ukuthutha ngepayipi le-vacuum (ngaphezu kuka-1000 km/h).
Ukuphepha:Amandla okulinganisa akhuphuka kakhulu ngokuncipha kobude be-levitation, futhi ukuphepha kokusebenza kungaqinisekiswa ngaphandle kokulawula endaweni eqondile.Isistimu yokuqondisa ukuzinza nayo ingaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile endaweni evundlile.
Induduzo:I-"pinning force" ekhethekile ye-high-temperature superconductor igcina umzimba wemoto uzinzile phezulu naphansi, okuwukuzinza okunzima ukukufeza noma iyiphi imoto.Lokho abagibeli ababhekana nakho lapho begibele “umuzwa wokungabi namuzwa”.
Izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi:Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zaseJalimane ezisebenza njalo kazibuthe kanye nezimoto zaseJapan ezisezingeni eliphansi ze-superconducting magnetic levitation ezisebenzisa i-liquid helium, inezinzuzo zesisindo esilula, isakhiwo esilula, nezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza nokusebenza.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwesayensi Nobuchwepheshe Be-Liquid Nitrogen
Ngenxa yezici zama-superconductors, i-superconductor idinga ukucwiliswa endaweni ewuketshezi ye-nitrogen ku--196 ℃ ngesikhathi somsebenzi.
I-high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa izici zokuphina kazibuthe ze-high-temperature superconducting bulk materials ukuze kuzuzwe i-levitation ezinzile ngaphandle kokulawula okusebenzayo.
Iloli Lokugcwalisa I-Nitrogen Liquid
Iloli eligcwalisa i-nitrogen eliwuketshezi liwumkhiqizo oklanywe futhi wathuthukiswa ngabakwaSichuan Haishengjie Cryogenic Technology Co., Ltd. ngephrojekthi ye-high-speed high-speed maglev project.Iwumgogodla we-maglev technology-Dewar supplement liquid nitrogen.
△ Ukusetshenziswa Kwensimu Yeloli Lokugcwalisa I-Nitrogen Liquid △
Idizayini yeselula, umsebenzi wokugcwalisa initrogen ewuketshezi ungenziwa eduze kwesitimela.
I-semi-automatic liquid nitrogen filling system inganikeza amadewar ayi-6 nge-nitrogen ewuketshezi ngasikhathi sinye.
Isistimu yokulawula ezimele yezindlela eziyisithupha, imbobo ngayinye yokugcwalisa ingalawulwa ngayodwana.
Ukuvikelwa kwengcindezi ephansi, vikela ingaphakathi leDewar ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa kabusha.
24V ukuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi.
I-Self-Pressured Supply Tank
Kuyithangi lokunikezela elizicindezelayo elakhelwe ngokukhethekile futhi lenzelwe indawo yokugcina i-nitrogen ewuketshezi.Bekulokhu kusekelwe esakhiweni sokuklama esiphephile, ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza enhle kakhulu kanye nezinsuku ezinde zokugcina ze-nitrogen ewuketshezi.
△ I-Liquid Nitrogen Supplement Series △
△ Ukusetshenziswa kwenkundla yethangi lokunikezela elizicindezelayo △
Iphrojekthi iyaqhubeka
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, sisebenze nochwepheshe baseSouthwest Jiaotong University
Kwenze umsebenzi wocwaningo wokulandelela wephrojekthi ye-high-speed maglev ye-high-speeding superconducting
△ Indawo Yesemina △
Sinelungelo elijulile ngokukwazi ukuhlanganyela kulo msebenzi wokuphayona kulesi sikhathi.Ngokuzayo, sizoqhubeka nokusebenzisana nomsebenzi wocwaningo wokulandelela wephrojekthi ukuze senze zonke izinyathelo ezingenzeka kulo msebenzi wokuphayona.
Siyakholwa
Isayensi nobuchwepheshe baseShayina ngokuqinisekile kuzophumelela
Ikusasa laseChina ligcwele okulindelwe
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-13-2021
