Ekuseni ngomhlaka-13 Januwari 2021, umklamo wokuqala wobunjiniyela be-maglev osebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomugqa wokuhlola osebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuqala beSouthwest Jiaotong University wethulwa ngokusemthethweni eChengdu, eSifundazweni saseSichuan, eShayina. Lokhu kuphawula intuthuko kusukela ekuqaleni ocwaningweni lwephrojekthi ye-maglev esebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu eShayina futhi izwe lethu linemibandela yokuhlolwa kobunjiniyela kanye nemiboniso.
Icala Lokuqala Emhlabeni; Dala Isibonelo
Ukuqaliswa komugqa wokuhlola ubuchwepheshe be-superconducting magnetic levitation obusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa kungowokuqala emhlabeni. Kumelela ukukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile kwaseShayina futhi kwadala isibonelo emkhakheni we-superconductivity yokushisa okuphezulu.
Ubuchwepheshe besitimela se-maglev esiqhuba amazinga okushisa aphezulu bunezinzuzo zokungazinzi komthombo, isakhiwo esilula, ukonga amandla, ukungangcoliswa kwamakhemikhali nomsindo, ukuphepha nenduduzo, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi. Luhlobo olusha oluhle lokuhamba ngesitimela, olufanelekela izizinda ezahlukahlukene zesivinini, olufanelekela kakhulu ukusebenza kwemigqa yesivinini esiphezulu kanye nesivinini esiphezulu; Lobu buchwepheshe buwubuchwepheshe besitimela se-maglev esiqhuba amazinga okushisa aphezulu esinezici zokuzimisa, ukuziqondisa, kanye nokuzinzisa. Luyindlela entsha ejwayelekile yokuhamba ngesitimela ebhekene nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kanye namathemba okusetshenziswa kabanzi. Ubuchwepheshe buqala ukwakhiwa endaweni enomoya, futhi inani eliqondiwe lesivinini sokusebenza elilindelwe lingaphezu kuka-600 km/h, okulindeleke ukuthi lidale irekhodi elisha lesivinini sethrafikhi yomhlaba endaweni enomoya.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bepayipi le-vacuum lesikhathi esizayo ukuthuthukisa uhlelo oluphelele lokuhamba olugcwalisa izikhala zesivinini sokuhamba emhlabeni kanye nesokuhamba emoyeni, oluzobeka isisekelo sempumelelo yesikhathi eside ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-1000 km/h, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe imodeli entsha yokuhamba emhlabeni. Izinguquko ezibheke phambili neziphazamisayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezokuthutha ngesitimela.
△ Ukudweba Kwesikhathi Esizayo △
Ubuchwepheshe be-Magnetic Levitation
Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezintathu zobuchwepheshe "ze-super magnetic levitation" emhlabeni.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhoxisa nge-electromagnetic eJalimane:
Isimiso sikagesi sisetshenziselwa ukufeza ukugeleza phakathi kwesitimela nomzila. Njengamanje, isitimela se-maglev saseShanghai, isitimela se-maglev esakhiwayo eChangsha naseBeijing konke kukule sitimela.
Ubuchwepheshe be-superconducting magnetic levitation baseJapane obusezingeni eliphansi lokushisa:
Sebenzisa izakhiwo zokulawula i-superconducting zezinto ezithile emazingeni okushisa aphansi (ezipholile ku--269°C nge-helium ewuketshezi) ukuze wenze isitimela sihambe, njengomugqa we-maglev we-Shinkansen eJapane.
Ubuchwepheshe be-superconducting magnetic levitation baseShayina obusezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu:
Isimiso ngokuyisisekelo sifana nesokushisa okuphezulu okuphansi, kodwa izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza lingu--196°C.
Ezivivinyweni zangaphambilini, lokhu kukhishwa kwamandla kazibuthe ezweni lakithi akugcini nje ngokumiswa kodwa futhi kumiswe.
△ I-nitrogen ewuketshezi kanye nama-superconductor △
Izinzuzo zesitimela se-Maglev esinokushisa okuphezulu
Ukonga amandla:Ukuhambisa umoya kanye nesiqondiso akudingi ukunikezwa kwamandla okulawula okusebenzayo noma ukunikezwa kwamandla emoto, futhi uhlelo lulula kakhulu. Ukumiswa kanye nesiqondiso kudinga kuphela ukupholiswa nge-nitrogen ewuketshezi eshibhile (77 K), kanti u-78% womoya yi-nitrogen.
Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo:I-levitation yamagnetic eqhuba ukushisa okuphezulu ingaba yi-levitation ngokwesimo sezulu, ngaphandle komsindo ngokuphelele; ithrekhi yamagnetic ehlala njalo ikhiqiza insimu yamagnetic engaguquki, kanti insimu yamagnetic endaweni lapho abagibeli bethinta khona ayi-zero, futhi akukho ukungcola kwe-electromagnetic.
Ijubane eliphezulu:Ukuphakama kwe-levitation (10 ~ 30 mm) kungaklanywa njengoba kudingeka, futhi kungasetshenziswa ukusebenza kusukela ku-static kuya ku-low, medium, high speed kanye ne-ultra-high speed. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ubuchwepheshe be-magnetic levitation, ifaneleka kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwamapayipi e-vacuum (ngaphezu kuka-1000 km/h).
Ukuphepha:Amandla okuphakamisa anda kakhulu ngokuncipha kokuphakama kokuphakamisa, futhi ukuphepha kokusebenza kungaqinisekiswa ngaphandle kokulawula ohlangothini oluqondile. Uhlelo lokuqondisa oluzinzayo lungaqinisekisa nokusebenza okuphephile ohlangothini oluvundlile.
Induduzo:"Amandla okucindezela" akhethekile e-superconductor eshisa kakhulu agcina umzimba wemoto uzinzile phezulu naphansi, okuwukuzinza okunzima kunoma iyiphi imoto ukukufeza. Lokho abagibeli abakuzwayo lapho begibela "umuzwa wokungabi namizwa".
Izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi:Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zaseJalimane ezisebenzisa amandla kagesi aqhubekayo kanye nezimoto zaseJapane ezisebenzisa amandla kagesi aphansi ezisebenzisa i-helium ewuketshezi, inezinzuzo zesisindo esilula, isakhiwo esilula, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza nezokusebenza eziphansi.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwesayensi Nezobuchwepheshe Kwe-Nitrogen Ewuketshezi
Ngenxa yezici zama-superconductor, i-superconductor idinga ukucwiliswa endaweni ene-nitrogen ewuketshezi ku--196℃ ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
I-levitation yamagnetic eqhuba ukushisa okuphezulu iwubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa izici zokubopha i-magnetic flux zezinto zobuningi eziqhuba ukushisa okuphezulu ukuze kufezwe i-levitation ezinzile ngaphandle kokulawula okusebenzayo.
Iloli Lokugcwalisa I-Nitrogen Elimanzi
Iloli lokugcwalisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi liwumkhiqizo oklanywe futhi wathuthukiswa yiSichuan Haishengjie Cryogenic Technology Co., Ltd. wephrojekthi ye-maglev eqhuba ukushisa okuphezulu. Liwumgogodla we-nitrogen ewuketshezi ye-maglev-Dewar.
△ Ukusetshenziswa Kweloli Lokugcwalisa I-Nitrogen Eliwuketshezi Ensimini △
Umklamo weselula, umsebenzi wokugcwalisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ungafezwa ngqo eceleni kwesitimela.
Uhlelo lokugcwalisa i-nitrogen oluwuketshezi oluzenzakalelayo lungahlinzeka ngama-dewar ayi-6 nge-nitrogen ewuketshezi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Uhlelo lokulawula oluzimele olunezindlela eziyisithupha, imbobo ngayinye yokugcwalisa kabusha ingalawulwa yodwa.
Ukuvikelwa komfutho ophansi, vikela ingaphakathi le-Dewar ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwalisa kabusha.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-voltage yokuphepha engu-24V.
Ithangi Lokunikezela Elizicindezelayo
Liyithangi lokuphakelwa elizicindezelayo elenzelwe futhi lenzelwe ukugodla i-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Lilokhu lisekelwe esakhiweni somklamo esiphephile, ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza enhle kakhulu kanye nezinsuku zokugcina i-nitrogen ewuketshezi isikhathi eside.
△ Uchungechunge Lwezithasiselo Ze-Nitrogen Ewuketshezi △
△ Ukusetshenziswa kwethangi lokuphakela elizicindezelayo ensimini △
Iphrojekthi iyaqhubeka
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, sisebenze nochwepheshe abavela eSouthwest Jiaotong University.
Kwenziwe ucwaningo lokulandelela lwephrojekthi ye-maglev yesivinini esiphezulu eqhuba ukushisa okuphezulu
△ Indawo Yeseminari △
Sizizwa sihloniphekile kakhulu ngokukwazi ukuhlanganyela kulo msebenzi wobuphayona kulokhu. Esikhathini esizayo, sizoqhubeka nokubambisana nomsebenzi wocwaningo olulandela lo msebenzi ukuze senze zonke izinyathelo ezingenzeka zalo msebenzi wobuphayona.
Siyakholwa
Isayensi nobuchwepheshe baseShayina ngokuqinisekile kuzophumelela
Ikusasa laseShayina ligcwele okulindelwe
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 13-2021
