I-nitrogen ewuketshezi (i-LN2) idlala indima ebalulekile emhlabeni wobuchwepheshe bokuzala obusizayo, njenge-ejenti e-cryogenic yokugcina izinto eziphilayo eziyigugu, njengamaqanda, isidoda, kanye nama-embryo. Njengoba ihlinzeka ngamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu kanye nekhono lokugcina ubuqotho bamaseli, i-LN2 iqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwesikhathi eside kwalezi zinhlobo ezibucayi. Kodwa-ke, ukuphatha i-LN2 kuletha izinselele ezihlukile, ngenxa yokushisa kwayo okubandayo kakhulu, izinga lokukhula okusheshayo kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokufuduka komoya-mpilo. Joyina nathi njengoba sihlola izinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile kanye nemikhuba emihle edingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe indawo ephephile nephumelelayo yokulondolozwa kwe-cryo, abasebenzi abavikelayo, kanye nekusasa lokwelashwa kokuzala.
Isixazululo Sokugcina I-Nitrogen Emanzi Se-Haier Biomedical
Ukunciphisa Izingozi Ekusebenzeni Kwegumbi Eliyi-Cryogenic
Kunezingozi ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nokuphathwa kwe-LN2, okuhlanganisa ukuqhuma, ukufutha umoya, kanye nokushiswa okubangelwa yi-cryogenic. Njengoba isilinganiso sokwanda kwevolumu ye-LN2 singaba ngu-1:700 - okusho ukuthi ilitha eli-1 le-LN2 lizophefumula ukuze likhiqize amalitha angaba ngu-700 egesi ye-nitrogen - kudingeka kuqashelwe kakhulu lapho kusingathwa amabhodlela engilazi; ibhamuza le-nitrogen lingaphula ingilazi, lidale izingcezu ezingadala ukulimala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-LN2 inomswakama ongaba ngu-0.97, okusho ukuthi ayiminyene kunomoya futhi izohlangana ezingeni lomhlabathi lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kuqongelela kudala ingozi yokufutha umoya ezindaweni ezivalekile, kunciphise izinga lomoya-mpilo emoyeni. Izingozi zokufutha umoya zikhuliswa kakhulu ukukhishwa okusheshayo kwe-LN2 ukuze kudalwe amafu enkungu yomhwamuko. Ukuchayeka kulo mhwamuko obandayo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esikhumbeni noma emehlweni - ngisho nangesikhashana - kungaholela ekushiseni okubandayo, ekushayweni yiqhwa, ekulimaleni kwezicubu noma ekulimaleni kwamehlo okuhlala njalo.
Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu
Yonke imitholampilo yokuzala kufanele yenze ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwengozi mayelana nokusebenza kwegumbi layo le-cryogenic. Iseluleko sendlela yokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa singatholakala ezincwadini ze-Codes of Practice (CP) ezivela kwi-British Compressed Gases Association.1 Ikakhulukazi, i-CP36 iwusizo ekwelulekeni ngokugcinwa kwamagesi e-cryogenic endaweni, kanti i-CP45 inikeza isiqondiso ekwakhiweni kwegumbi lokugcina i-cryogenic.[2,3]
Isakhiwo se-NO.1
Indawo ekahle kakhulu yegumbi elinomoya obandayo yileyo enikeza ukufinyelela okungcono kakhulu. Kudingeka ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela indawo yesitsha sokugcina i-LN2, njengoba sizodinga ukugcwaliswa ngesitsha esinomfutho. Okungcono kakhulu, isitsha sokuhlinzeka nge-nitrogen ewuketshezi kufanele sibe ngaphandle kwegumbi lokugcina isampula, endaweni enomoya omuhle futhi ephephile. Ukuze uthole izixazululo ezinkulu zokugcina, isitsha sokuhlinzeka sivame ukuxhunywa ngqo esitsheni sokugcina ngepayipi lokudlulisa i-crystal. Uma ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kungavumeli isitsha sokuhlinzeka ukuthi sibekwe ngaphandle, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi, futhi kudingeka kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwengozi, okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokuqapha nokukhipha.
Umoya we-NO.2
Zonke amakamelo ane-cryogenic kumele abe nomoya omuhle, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhipha umoya ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwegesi ye-nitrogen futhi kuvikelwe ekuncipheni komoya-mpilo, kuncishiswe ingozi yokufutha umoya. Uhlelo olunjalo ludinga ukufaneleka kwegesi ebandayo ene-cryogenic, futhi luxhunywe ohlelweni lokuqapha ukuncipha komoya-mpilo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi izinga lomoya-mpilo lehla nini ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-19.5, lapho kuzoqala khona ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokushintshana komoya. Amapayipi okukhipha umoya kufanele abekwe phansi ngenkathi izinzwa zokunciphisa umoya kufanele zibekwe cishe imitha eli-1 ngaphezu kwephansi. Kodwa-ke, indawo eqondile kufanele inqunywe ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwendawo okuningiliziwe, njengoba izici ezifana nosayizi wegumbi kanye nokwakheka kuzothinta indawo efanele. I-alamu yangaphandle kufanele ifakwe ngaphandle kwegumbi, inikeze izexwayiso zomsindo nezokubona ukuze ibonise ukuthi akuphephile yini ukungena.
Ukuphepha Komuntu Siqu kwe-NO.3
Eminye imitholampilo ingakhetha futhi ukuhlomisa abasebenzi ngezikrini zokonga umoya-mpilo futhi isebenzise uhlelo lomngane lapho abantu bezongena khona kuphela egumbini elinomoya-mpilo ngababili, okunciphisa isikhathi umuntu oyedwa ahlala ngaso egumbini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kungumsebenzi wenkampani ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ohlelweni lokugcina izinto ezibandayo kanye nemishini yalo futhi abaningi bakhetha ukuba nabasebenzi bafunde izifundo zokuphepha ze-nitrogen eziku-inthanethi. Abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (PPE) efanele ukuvikela ekushisweni yi-cryogenic, okuhlanganisa ukuvikela amehlo, amagilavu/ama-gauntlets, izicathulo ezifanele, kanye nejazi lelebhu. Kubalulekile ukuthi bonke abasebenzi baqeqeshwe ngosizo lokuqala mayelana nendlela yokubhekana nokushiswa yi-cryogenic, futhi kuhle ukuba nomthombo wamanzi afudumele eduze ukuze kuhlanzwe isikhumba uma kukhona ukushiswa.
Ukulungiswa kwe-NO.4
Isitsha esinomfutho kanye nesitsha se-LN2 azinazo izingxenye ezihambayo, okusho ukuthi isimiso sokulungisa saminyaka yonke esiyisisekelo yisona kuphela esidingekayo. Ngaphakathi kwalokhu, isimo sepayipi elikhanyayo kufanele sihlolwe, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukushintshwa okudingekayo kwama-valve okukhulula ukuphepha. Abasebenzi kufanele bahlole njalo ukuthi azikho izindawo zokuqandisa - kungaba esitsheni noma esitsheni sokudla - okungase kubonise inkinga nge-vacuum. Ngokucatshangelwa ngokucophelela zonke lezi zici, kanye nesimiso sokulungisa esivamile, izitsha ezinomfutho zingahlala iminyaka efinyelela kwengu-20.
Isiphetho
Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwegumbi lokulondolozwa kwe-cryo emtholampilo wokuzala lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-LN2 kubaluleke kakhulu. Nakuba le bhulogi ichaze izinto ezahlukahlukene zokuphepha, kubalulekile ukuthi umtholampilo ngamunye wenze ukuhlolwa kwawo kwangaphakathi ukuze kubhekwe izidingo ezithile kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona. Ukubambisana nabahlinzeki abangochwepheshe ezitsheni zokugcina izinto ezibandayo, njenge-Haier Biomedical, kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-cryostorage ngempumelelo nangokuphephile. Ngokubeka phambili ukuphepha, ukunamathela emikhubeni emihle kakhulu, kanye nokusebenzisana nochwepheshe abathembekile, imitholampilo yokuzala ingagcina indawo yokulondolozwa kwe-cryo ephephile, ivikele abasebenzi kanye nokuphila kwezinto zokuzala eziyigugu.
Izinkomba
1. Imithetho Yokusebenza - BCGA. Kufinyelelwe ngoMeyi 18, 2023. https://bcga.co.uk/pubcat/codes-of-practice/
2. Ikhodi Yokusebenza 45: Izinhlelo zokugcina i-cryogenic ze-biomedical. Umklamo kanye nokusebenza. I-British Compressed Gases Association. Kushicilelwe ku-inthanethi ngo-2021. Kufinyelelwe ngoMeyi 18, 2023. https://bcga.co.uk/wp-
3.okuqukethwe/okulayishiwe/2021/11/BCGA-CP-45-Original-05-11-2021.pdf
4. Ikhodi Yokusebenza 36: Indawo yokugcina uketshezi oluyi-cryogenic endaweni yabasebenzisi. I-British Compressed Gases Association. Yanyatheliswa ku-inthanethi ngo-2013. Kufinyelelwe ngoMeyi 18, 2023. https://bcga.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CP36.pdf
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-01-2024
